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dibutyl phthalate

indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
2D:
3D:
CAS Number: 84-74-2
ECHA EC Number: 201-557-4
FDA UNII: 2286E5R2KE
Category: indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
IUPAC Name: dibutyl phthalate
InChI : InChI=1/C16H22O4/c1-3-5-11-19-15(17)13-9-7-8-10-14(13)16(18)20-12-6-4-2/h7-10H,3-6,11-12H2,1-2H3
Std.InChI: InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-3-5-11-19-15(17)13-9-7-8-10-14(13)16(18)20-12-6-4-2/h7-10H,3-6,11-12H2,1-2H3
InChIKey : DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYAM
Std.InChIKey: DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES : CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC
MDL: MFCD00009441
Molar Refractivity : 77.59 ± 0.3 cm3 (est)
Parachor : 655.6 ± 4.0 cm3 (est)
Index of Refraction : 1.499 ± 0.02 (est)
Surface Tension : 37.9 ± 3.0 dyne/cm (est)
Density : 1.053 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (est)
Polarizability : 30.76 ± 0.5 10-24cm3 (est)

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

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FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
FR DOC # 2012-5069 Draft Guidance for Industry on Limiting the Use of Certain Phthalates as Excipients in Center for Drug Evaluation and Research-Regulated Products; Availability View - petition PDF
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials:phthalic acid, dibutyl ester
FDA Mainterm (IAUFC): DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 175 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS
Subpart B--Substances for Use Only as Components of Adhesives
Sec. 175.105 Adhesives.

Physical Properties:

Appearance:colorless clear oily liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:1.04900 to 1.05300 @ 15.50 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.729 to 8.762
Melting Point: -35.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 337.00 to 340.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:1.000000 mmHg @ 147.00 °C.
Vapor Density:9.6 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 340.00 °F. TCC ( 171.11 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.500
Soluble in:
alcohol
solvents
water, 2.351 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 11.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in:
water

Cosmetic Information:

CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: not used anymore

Suppliers:

Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Dibutyl phthalate 98%
Allan Chemical
Dibutyl Phthalate
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Dibutyl phthalate
Odor: characteristic
Use: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is isolated from the herbs of Salvia yunnanensis. DBP
Covalent Chemical
Dibutyl Phthalate
HallStar
PLASTHALL® DBP
Odor: characteristic
Use: PLASTHALL DBP is a general purpose monomeric phthalate with excellent solubilizing characteristics. It is commonly used as an additive to adhesives and printing inks. PLASTHALL DBP also finds utility in shower curtains, raincoats and vinyl coated fabrics.
Inoue Perfumery
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
Lluch Essence
BUTYL PHTHALATE
M&U International
Dibutyl PhaThalate
Penta International
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE NF
Penta International
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Dibutyl Phthalate
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Dibutyl phthalate purum, ≥98.0% (GC)
Silver Fern Chemical
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Odor: characteristic
Use: DBP is a versatile compound that is used in a wide range of products such as plastics, paints, inks and cosmetics. It’s most commonly used as a plasticizer, though it shows up in many applications, which is why its widespread use has opened up conversation. DBP does have human health and environmental concerns to be aware of.
Wedor Corporation
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
T N - Toxic, Dangerous for the environment.
R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R 61 - May cause harm to the unborn child.
R 62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
S 53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.
S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 7499 mg/kg
Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi. Journal of Health Toxicology. Vol. 5, Pg. 264, 1991.

intramuscular-rat LD50 > 8000 mg/kg
"Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 2nd ed., Patty, F.A., ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1958-63Vol. 2, Pg. 1904, 1963.

oral-mouse LD50 3474 mg/kg
Weisheng Dulixue Zazhi. Journal of Health Toxicology. Vol. 5, Pg. 264, 1991.

intravenous-mouse LD50 720 mg/kg
Kanagawa-ken Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku. Bulletin of Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratories. Vol. (3), Pg. 19, 1973.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 3570 mg/kg
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. Vol. 28, Pg. 667, 1977.

oral-guinea pig LD50 10000 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: WITHDRAWALBEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 24(3), Pg. 25, 1980.

oral-human TDLo 140 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITINGKIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 84, Pg. 1243, 1954.

oral-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 5000 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 39(4), Pg. 86, 1974.

unreported-mouse LD50 8140 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEABEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETICBEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(6), Pg. 86, 1990.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 3050 uL/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 51, 1972.

unreported-rat LD50 9410 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIABEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETICLUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 55(6), Pg. 86, 1990.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 20 ml/kg
Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 12/29/1971

skin-rat LDLo 6000 mg/kg
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 44, 1982.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 4250 mg/m3
Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 17(8), Pg. 26, 1973.

inhalation-mouse LC50 25000 mg/m3/2H
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 44, 1982.

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
Recommendation for dibutyl phthalate usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Recommendation for dibutyl phthalate flavor usage levels up to:
not for flavor use.

Safety References:

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to di-Butylphthalate (DBP) for use in food contact materials
View page or View pdf

Technical report of the public consultation on the �Draft update of the risk assessment of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials�
View page or View pdf

Update of the risk assessment of di-butylphthalate (DBP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-isononylphthalate (DINP) and di-isodecylphthalate (DIDP) for use in food contact materials
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
Daily Med:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):84-74-2
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :3026
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WISER:UN 3082
WGK Germany:3
dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Chemidplus:0000084742
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:84-74-2

References:

dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:84-74-2
Pubchem (cid):3026
Pubchem (sid):134972339
Pherobase:View

Other Information:

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C14214
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB33244
FooDB:FDB011261
Export Tariff Code:2917.31.0000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
Wikipedia:View

Potential Blenders and core components :

None Found

Potential Uses:

fixer
insecticide

Occurrence (nature, food, other):

calamus leaf oil @ 0.40%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
calamus root oil @ 0.15%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
cassie absolute @ 0.02%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
clove oil
Search Trop Picture
kohlrabi stem
Search Trop Picture
osmanthus absolute @ 0.39%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
rue oil china @ 0.25%
Data GC Search Trop Picture

Synonyms:

o-benzene dicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
ortho-benzene dicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butyl ester
benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid, di-n-butyl ester
benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
o-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dibutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
butyl 2-(butoxycarbonyl)benzoate
N-butylphthalate
celluflex DPB
DBP
di-butylphthalate
di-n-butyl phthalate
di-n-butylorthophthalate
dibutyl 1,2-benzene dicarboxylate
dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
dibutyl o-phthalate
dibutyl phthalate NF
dibutyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
dibutyl-o-phthalate
dibutylphthatlate
elaol
ergoplast FDB
ergoplast FOB
ersoplast FDA
genoplast B
hatcol DBP
hexaplas m/b
kodaflex DBP
monocizer DBP
palatinol C
phthalic acid, dibutyl ester
polycizer DBP
px 104
staflex DBP
unimoll DB
vestinol C
witcizer 300

Articles:

PubMed:Development of magnetic micro-solid phase extraction for analysis of phthalate esters in packaged food.
PubMed:Chemical composition analysis of rose water samples from Iran.
PubMed:Intake estimates of phthalate esters for South Delhi population based on exposure media assessment.
PubMed:Cumulative risk assessment for plasticizer-contaminated food using the hazard index approach.
PubMed:Di-n-butyl phthalate causes estrogenic effects in adult male Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis).
PubMed:[Preparation of a hydrophilic-lipophilic composite solid phase extraction material and application in food safety inspection].
PubMed:Dermal toxicity elicited by phthalates: evaluation of skin absorption, immunohistology, and functional proteomics.
PubMed:Phthalate intake by infants calculated from biomonitoring data.
PubMed:Childhood exposure to DEHP, DBP and BBP under existing chemical management systems: a comparative study of sources of childhood exposure in Korea and in Denmark.
PubMed:Phthalates in German daycare centers: occurrence in air and dust and the excretion of their metabolites by children (LUPE 3).
PubMed:Plasticizer contamination in edible vegetable oil in a U.S. retail market.
PubMed:Preliminary toxicological assessment of phthalate esters from drinking water consumed in Portugal.
PubMed:Phthalate metabolites in obese individuals undergoing weight loss: Urinary levels and estimation of the phthalates daily intake.
PubMed:Pentadecyl ferulate, a potent antioxidant and antiproliferative agent from the halophyte Salicornia herbacea.
PubMed:Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dibutyl phthalate in liquor.
PubMed:A screen for disruptors of the retinol (vitamin A) signaling pathway.
PubMed:Migration of mineral oil, photoinitiators and plasticisers from recycled paperboard into dry foods: a study under controlled conditions.
PubMed:Approach to distribution and accumulation of dibutyl phthalate in rats by immunoassay.
PubMed:Combined subchronic toxicity of bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate on male rats.
PubMed:Analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters in food simulants from plastic food contact materials by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
PubMed:Phthalate analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: blank problems related to the syringe needle.
PubMed:A microflow chemiluminescence sensor for indirect determination of dibutyl phthalate by hydrolyzing based on biological recognition materials.
PubMed:Phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) intake by German infants based on the results of a duplicate diet study and biomonitoring data (INES 2).
PubMed:Study on the influence of temperature, storage time and packaging type on di-n-butylphthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate release into packed meals.
PubMed:How dirty are the dirty dozen ingredients in cosmetics?
PubMed:Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain--a case study.
PubMed:Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) exposure through diet in hospital patients.
PubMed:Effect of cooking at home on the levels of eight phthalates in foods.
PubMed:Determination of phthalic acid diesters in human milk at low ppb levels.
PubMed:Study on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of extracts from Chinese pear fruit (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.).
PubMed:Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure.
PubMed:PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants.
PubMed:Socioeconomic factors and phthalate metabolite concentrations among United States women of reproductive age.
PubMed:Cumulative risk assessment of phthalate exposure of Danish children and adolescents using the hazard index approach.
PubMed:Environmental and food contamination with plasticisers in China.
PubMed:Children's exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dibutylphthalate plasticizers from school meals.
PubMed:Exposure to phthalates among premenstrual girls from rural and urban Gharbiah, Egypt: a pilot exposure assessment study.
PubMed:Phthalates and bisphenols migration in Mexican food cans and plastic food containers.
PubMed:Phthalate metabolites in urine from China, and implications for human exposures.
PubMed:Identification of LI-F type antibiotics and di-n-butyl phthalate produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa.
PubMed:Ginger suppresses phthalate ester-induced airway remodeling.
PubMed:A survey of phthalate esters in consumer cosmetic products.
PubMed:Determination of phthalate esters in soil by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography coupled with accelerated solvent extraction.
PubMed:[Effect of diisobutyl phthalate on antioxidase activity and DNA damage in mice].
PubMed:Effects of in utero exposure to DI(n-Butyl) phthalate on development of male reproductive tracts in Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:Phthalates and food-contact materials: enforcing the 2008 European Union plastics legislation.
PubMed:Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of tannery effluents used for irrigation at Kanpur, India.
PubMed:Assessing exposure to phthalates - the human biomonitoring approach.
PubMed:Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of reproductive toxicants that disrupt common target tissues via diverse mechanisms of toxicity.
PubMed:Fast polymer fingerprinting using flowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Development and application of a method for analysis of phthalates in ham sausages by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Phthalate esters reveal skin-sensitizing activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate in mice.
PubMed:Development of a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for determination of phthalates in oily foods.
PubMed:Reproductive and developmental toxicity of phthalates.
PubMed:Determination of phthalates in diet and bedding for experimental animals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Spectroscopic detection of pharmaceutical compounds from an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus.
PubMed:Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard.
PubMed:[Determination of trace phthalates in beer by gas chromatography coupled with solid-phase microextraction using a calix[6] arene fiber].
PubMed:Derivation of Biomonitoring Equivalents for di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP).
PubMed:In vivo and in vitro skin absorption of lipophilic compounds, dibutyl phthalate, farnesol and geraniol in the hairless guinea pig.
PubMed:Determination of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) and n-dibutylphthalate (DBP) in food and paper packaging materials from US marketplaces.
PubMed:Comparison of in vitro hormone activities of selected phthalates using reporter gene assays.
PubMed:Recent European Food Safety Authority toxicological evaluations of major phthalates used in food contact materials.
PubMed:Determination of total and free mono-n-butyl phthalate in human urine samples after medication of a di-n-butyl phthalate containing capsule.
PubMed:Development and application of an SPME/GC method for the determination of trace phthalates in beer using a calix[6]arene fiber.
PubMed:Phthalate exposure through food and consumers' risk perception of chemicals in food.
PubMed:Comparison of aromatic and alkyl micelles for the electrokinetic determination of phthalates in virgin olive oil.
PubMed:Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of "antiandrogens" on male rat reproductive development.
PubMed:Hazard to the developing male reproductive system from cumulative exposure to phthalate esters--dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate.
PubMed:Impact of diisobutyl phthalate and other PPAR agonists on steroidogenesis and plasma insulin and leptin levels in fetal rats.
PubMed:Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles.
PubMed:Plastic components affect the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon and the androgen receptor.
PubMed:[Matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalic acid esters in vegetables].
PubMed:Mixture effects of estrogenic compounds on proliferation and pS2 expression of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
PubMed:Toxicity of atractylon and atractylenolide III Identified in Atractylodes ovata rhizome to Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
PubMed:Effects of constructed wetland system on the removal of dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
PubMed:Blank problems in trace analysis of diethylhexyl and dibutyl phthalate: investigation of the sources, tips and tricks.
PubMed:Oestrogenicity of paper and cardboard extracts used as food containers.
PubMed:Comparison and analysis of different approaches for estimating the human exposure to phthalate esters.
PubMed:Safe Cosmetics Act aims to lessen cancer risk.
PubMed:Determination of phthalate esters from food-contacted materials by on-line microdialysis and liquid chromatography.
PubMed:[Analysis of phthalates in plastic food-packaging bags by thin layer chromatography].
PubMed:Toxicity of bisabolangelone from Ostericum koreanum roots to Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).
PubMed:Analysis of consumer cosmetic products for phthalate esters.
PubMed:Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Human exposure to phthalates via consumer products.
PubMed:Diisobutyl phthalate has comparable anti-androgenic effects to di-n-butyl phthalate in fetal rat testis.
PubMed:Injector-internal thermal desorption from edible oils. Part 2: chromatographic optimization for the analysis of migrants from food packaging material.
PubMed:Functional barriers: properties and evaluation.
PubMed:Analysis of the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine in topical pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Determination of partition behavior of organic surrogates between paperboard packaging materials and air.
PubMed:Food protective effect of acaricidal components isolated from anise seeds against the stored food mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank).
PubMed:Phthalate levels in baby milk powders sold in several countries.
PubMed:Acaricidal activity of Paeonia suffruticosa root bark-derived compounds against Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).
PubMed:The effects of phthalate esters on the tryptophan-niacin metabolism.
PubMed:New methodology for the determination of phthalate esters, bisphenol A, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and nonylphenol in commercial whole milk samples.
PubMed:Occurrence of phthalates and musk fragrances in indoor air and dust from apartments and kindergartens in Berlin (Germany).
PubMed:[Effects of environmental estrogens on apoptosis induced by estrogen depletion in T47D cells].
PubMed:Estimated daily intake of plasticizers in 1-week duplicate diet samples following regulation of DEHP-containing PVC gloves in Japan.
PubMed:A simple and reproducible testing method for dialkyl phthalate migration from polyvinyl chloride products into saliva simulant.
PubMed:Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home.
PubMed:Generation of anticalins with specificity for a nonsymmetric phthalic acid ester.
PubMed:[Levels of phthalates and adipates in processed foods and migration of di-isononyl adipate from polyvinyl chloride film into foods].
PubMed:Comparison of embryotoxicity of ESBO and phthalate esters using an in vitro battery system.
PubMed:Effects of dibutyl phthalate and monobutyl phthalate on cytotoxicity and differentiation in cultured rat embryonic limb bud cells; protection by antioxidants.
PubMed:[Residual chemicals in silicone rubber products for food contact use].
PubMed:A biomarker approach to measuring human dietary exposure to certain phthalate diesters.
PubMed:[Residual chemicals in natural rubber products for food contact use].
PubMed:[Contents of eleven phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes].
PubMed:Adverse effects on development of the reproductive system in male offspring of rats given monobutyl phthalate, a metabolite of dibutyl phthalate, during late pregnancy.
PubMed:Investigation of migration from paper and board into food--development of methods for rapid testing.
PubMed:Phthalates in paper and board packaging and their migration into Tenax and sugar.
PubMed:Effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on male reproductive development in the rat: implications for human risk assessment.
PubMed:Study of diffusion through LDPE film of Di-n-butyl phthalate.
PubMed:Critical period for adverse effects on development of reproductive system in male offspring of rats given di-n-butyl phthalate during late pregnancy.
PubMed:Analysis of di-n-butylphthalate biotransformation in cattle by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Hypertrophy of brown adipocytes in brown and white adipose tissues and reversal of diet-induced obesity in rats treated with a beta3-adrenoceptor agonist.
PubMed:UK panics over phthalates in babymilk formulae.
PubMed:A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic.
PubMed:NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Dibutyl Phthalate (CAS No. 84-74-2) Administered in Feed to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice.
PubMed:Studies into the transfer and migration of phthalate esters from aluminium foil-paper laminates to butter and margarine.
PubMed:Migration of plasticizers from printing inks into foods.
PubMed:Non-aqueous size-exclusion chromatography coupled on-line to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Interface development and applications to the analysis of low-molecular-weight contaminants and additives in foods.
PubMed:Migration from plasticized films into foods. 3. Migration of phthalate, sebacate, citrate and phosphate esters from films used for retail food packaging.
PubMed:Skin-tumour promoting activity of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide--a potent lipid-peroxidizing agent.
PubMed:The effect of intestinal esterase inhibition on the in vivo absorption and toxicity of Di-n-butyl phthalate.
PubMed:Teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in mice.
PubMed:Occurrence of dibutyl and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in chicken eggs.
PubMed:Absorption and metabolism of three phthalate diesters by the rat small intestine.
PubMed:Recent progress in safety evaluation studies on plasticizers and plastics and their controlled use in Japan.
PubMed:The retention, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of dibutyl phthalate-7-14 C in the rat.
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