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dextro,laevo-methionine

special dietary and nutritional additives (not for infant foods)
2D:
3D:
CAS Number: 59-51-8
ECHA EC Number: 200-432-1
FDA UNII: 73JWT2K6T3
CoE Number: 569
Category: special dietary and nutritional additives (not for infant foods)
IUPAC Name: dextro,laevo-methionine
InChI : InChI=1/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
Std.InChI: InChI=1S/C5H11NO2S/c1-9-3-2-4(6)5(7)8/h4H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,7,8)
InChIKey : FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYAP
Std.InChIKey: FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES : CSCCC(C(=O)O)N
MDL: MFCD00063096
Molar Refractivity : 38.26 ± 0.3 cm3 (est)
Parachor : 329.9 ± 4.0 cm3 (est)
Index of Refraction : 1.530 ± 0.02 (est)
Surface Tension : 50.5 ± 3.0 dyne/cm (est)
Density : 1.206 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (est)
Polarizability : 15.17 ± 0.5 10-24cm3 (est)

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

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NCBI:Search
JECFA Food Flavoring:1424 DL-methionine
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:17.014 DL-methionine
FEMA Number:3301 DL-methionine
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):59-51-8 ; DL-METHIONINE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart D--Special Dietary and Nutritional Additives
Sec. 172.320 Amino acids.

Physical Properties:

Appearance:white crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 280.00 to 281.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 300.00 to 301.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:0.000170 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point:> 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.217 (est)
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 2.574e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 3.27E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

Cosmetic Information:

CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: antistatic agents
hair conditioning
skin conditioning

Suppliers:

AIDP
DL-Methionine 98.5%
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
DL-Methionine 98%
Atlantic Chemicals
DL-Methionine
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
H-DL-Met-OH >98%
Charkit Chemical
METHIONINE, DL-
ECSA Chemicals
DL-METHIONINE RPE-FOR ANALYSIS, G 250
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
ECSA Chemicals
DL-METHIONINE
Foodchem International
DL-Methionine
George Uhe Company
DL-Methionine
Glentham Life Sciences
DL-Methionine
Graham Chemical
DL-Methionine
Indis NV
For experimental / research use only.
DL-Methionine
OQEMA
DL-Methionine 99%
Penta International
DL-METHIONINE FCC
Penta International
DL-METHIONINE SYNTHETIC 40 MESH POWDER
Penta International
DL-METHIONINE
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
DL-Methionine
Sigma-Aldrich
DL-Methionine, 99%, FCC, FG
Certified Food Grade Products
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
DL-Methionine >99.0%(HPLC)(T)
Tianjin Talent Chemical
Methionine (DL / L)
United International
DL-Methionine

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD > 5000 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

intraperitoneal-mouse LDLo 1500 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

intravenous-mouse LDLo 300 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

oral-mouse LDLo 4000 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

intravenous-rat LD > 400 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 2000 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 5, Pg. 2041, 1977.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives (not for infant foods)
Recommendation for dextro,laevo-methionine usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 83.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 5
Click here to view publication 5
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -50.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -50.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: -50.00000
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -50.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -50.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -50.00000
milk products: -50.00000
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: -50.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety References:

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (FGE.79)[1] - Consideration of amino acids and related substances evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to amino acids from chemical group 34 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):59-51-8
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :876
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
Chemidplus:0000059518
RTECS:59-51-8

References:

2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:59-51-8
Pubchem (cid):876
Pubchem (sid):134972462

Other Information:

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C01733
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB33951
FooDB:FDB012166
Export Tariff Code:2915.60.0000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•nf, feed 98%•usp and fcc grades; 99% feed grade•racemate mixture of d- and l- methionine

Potential Blenders and core components :

None Found

Potential Uses:

antistatic agents
hair conditioning
skin conditioning

Occurrence (nature, food, other):

found in nature

Synonyms:

acimethion
acimetion
dextro,laevo-2-amino-4-(methyl thio) butanoic acid
dextro,laevo-2-amino-4-(methyl thio) butyric acid
2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid
2-amino-4-(methylthio)-butyric acid
DL-2-amino-4-(methylthio)-butyric acid
DL-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid
(±)-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid
DL-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butyric acid
2-amino-4-methyl sulfanyl butanoic acid
dextro,laevo-2-amino-4-methyl thiobutanoic acid
2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-butyric acid
2-amino-4-methylsulfanyl-butyricacid
2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
2-amino-4-methylthiobutanoic acid
DL-2-amino-4-methylthiobutanoic acid
a-amino-g-methylmercaptobutyric acid
alpha-amino-gamma-(methyl thio) butyric acid
alpha-amino-gamma-methyl mercaptobutyric acid
alpha-amino-gamma-methyl thiobutyric acid
amurex
banthionine
butyric acid, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)-
lobamine
(±)-methionine
DL-methionine
methionine DL-
DL-methionine FCC
DL-methioninum
DL-methionone 40 mesh fine powder
g-methylthio-a-aminobutyric acid
metione
neston
pedameth
racemethionine
urimeth

Articles:

PubMed:Biotic elicitors effectively increase the glucosinolates content in Brassicaceae sprouts.
PubMed:Methionine concentration in the diet has a tissue-specific effect on chromosomal stability in female mice.
PubMed:Whole body protein deposition and plasma amino acid profiles in growing and/or finishing pigs fed increasing levels of sulfur amino acids with and without Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge.
PubMed:Bioavailability of methionine hydroxy analog-calcium salt relative to DL-methionine to support nitrogen retention and growth in starter pigs.
PubMed:Selenium speciation and localization in chironomids from lakes receiving treated metal mine effluent.
PubMed:Comparative in vivo antioxidant capacity of DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine in male mice fed a high-fat diet.
PubMed:Methionine metabolism in piglets Fed DL-methionine or its hydroxy analogue was affected by distribution of enzymes oxidizing these sources to keto-methionine.
PubMed:Methionine-hydroxy analogue was found to be significantly less bioavailable compared to dl-methionine for protein deposition in growing pigs.
PubMed:Effect of methionine supplement on physical responses and neurological symptoms in broiler chicks fed grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)-based starter ration.
PubMed:Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry.
PubMed:Methionine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in growing-finishing pigs: impact on growth performance and meat quality.
PubMed:Evaluation of PCDD/Fs characterization in animal feed and feed additives.
PubMed:Efficiency of methionine retention in ducks.
PubMed:Effects of dietary supplementation of DL-methionine or 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid on food intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and urinary and blood metabolites in healthy, growing dogs.
PubMed:Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional value of raw soybean selected for low trypsin inhibitor activity.
PubMed:Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy to estimate body water distribution in rats fed high dietary sulfur amino acids.
PubMed:[Effect of methionine supplementation on the selenium bioavailability in rats fed on grains from Keshan disease endemic area].
PubMed:Can betaine partially replace or enhance the effect of methionine by improving broiler growth and carcase characteristics?
PubMed:Excess dietary methionine markedly increases the vitamin B-6 requirement of young chicks.
PubMed:Mixture experiments: a severe test of the ability of a broiler chicken to make the right choice.
PubMed:Dietary soy protein is associated with reduced intestinal mucosal polyamine concentration in male Wistar rats.
PubMed:DL-methionine supplementation of rice-and-bean diets affects gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and glutathione content in livers of growing rats.
PubMed:The relative effectiveness of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid and DL-methionine in young swine.
PubMed:Effects of dietary protein, methionine and lysine on urinary amino acid excretion in turkeys.
PubMed:Limiting amino acids for a corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than three months of age.
PubMed:Performance, breast meat yield and abdominal fat deposition of male broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with DL-methionine or DL-methionine hydroxy analogue free acid.
PubMed:Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet.
PubMed:Replacement value of betaine for DL-methionine in male broiler chicks.
PubMed:Effects of dietary protein content, addition of nonessential amino acids and dietary methionine to cysteine balance on responses to dietary sulphur-containing amino acids in broilers.
PubMed:Liver DNA and RNA metabolism in rats fed diets lacking methionine plus cysteine with or without restricted energy.
PubMed:Biological efficacy and absorption of DL-methionine hydroxy analogue free acid compared to DL-methionine in chickens as affected by heat stress.
PubMed:Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 150 g to supplements of DL-methionine in a semipurified diet containing low or high levels of cystine.
PubMed:Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty-eight days of age. 1. Performance and carcass yield.
PubMed:Diet preference and meal patterns of weanling pigs offered diets containing either spray-dried porcine plasma or dried skim milk.
PubMed:Requirement of the laying hen for sulfur amino acids.
PubMed:Responses of laying hens to diets containing up to 2% DL-methionine or equimolar (2.25%) 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.
PubMed:Hypercalciuric response to dietary supplementation with DL-methionine and ammonium sulfate.
PubMed:Effect of methionine supplementation to a low-soybean protein diet on liver lipid metabolism.
PubMed:Susceptibility of two commercial single comb White Leghorn strains to calcium-induced urolithiasis: efficacy of dietary supplementation with DL-methionine and ammonium sulphate.
PubMed:Liquid methionine hydroxy analog (free acid) and DL-methionine attenuate calcium-induced kidney damage in domestic fowl.
PubMed:Effect of methionine addition to a urea-grain supplement on intake and digestibility of mature, dormant grasses and performance of cows grazing winter range.
PubMed:Effects of dietary protein concentration on the response of growing chicks to methionine.
PubMed:Lysine supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler breeder males.
PubMed:The influence of timing and the addition of urea to supplements containing DL-methionine on ruminal fermentation and cow weight change in beef cows.
PubMed:Substitution of DL-methionine for soybean meal as a winter supplement for gestating cows grazing native range.
PubMed:[Nutritional quality of the protein of the false lentil (Vicia sativa ssp. abovata (Ser) Gaudin].
PubMed:Amino acid-supplemented raw soybean diets for finishing swine.
PubMed:Artificial feeding systems for plant-parasitic nematodes.
PubMed:Performance and nutrient balance in growing swine fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and potassium.
PubMed:[Variations in macronutrients and nutritive value of the protein of canned tuna stored for 3 years after its preparation].
PubMed:Studies of the effect of supplementing protected methionine (HMM-Ca) to dairy cows on milk yield and fertility.
PubMed:Nutritional and pathological changes in male and female rats fed modifications of the AIN-76A diet.
PubMed:Cassava root meal in diets for growing rabbits.
PubMed:Influence of dietary protein, fat or amino acids on the response of weanling swine to aflatoxin B1.
PubMed:[The effect of DL-methionine, N-hydroxymethyl-DL-methionine calcium salt (Mepron) and DL-methionine hydroxy analog calcium salt (MHA) on the N-deposits of calves].
PubMed:Changes in enzymatic activity of small intestine and kidney of rats by a methionine deficient diet.
PubMed:Comparative effects of individual amino acid excesses when added to a corn-soybean meal diet: effects on growth and dietary choice in the chick.
PubMed:Effect of excess levels of methionine, tryptophan, arginine, lysine or threonine on growth and dietary choice in the pig.
PubMed:Amino acid excesses for young pigs: effects of excess methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine.
PubMed:Comparative metabolism of L-methionine, DL-methionine and DL-2-hydroxy 4-methylthiobutanoic acid by broiler chicks.
PubMed:Bioavailability of selenium to residents in a low-selenium area of China.
PubMed:Response of broilers to DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid, DL-methionine, and L-methionine.
PubMed:Influence of gestation and hydrocortisone-acetate treatment on the nutritive utilization of protein.
PubMed:Methionine, cystine, sodium sulfate, and Fermacto-500 supplementation of practical-type diets for young turkeys.
PubMed:Treatment and prevention of feline struvite urolithiasis.
PubMed:Safety evaluation of sweet lupine (Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa). II. Nine-month feeding and multigeneration study in rats.
PubMed:Supplementary inorganic sulfate and methionine for young turkeys.
PubMed:The response of turkey poults to virginiamycin in diets containing various levels of supplemental methionine.
PubMed:Effect of lysine and methionine supplementation of low protein roaster diets fed after six weeks of age.
PubMed:Sulphur amino acid requirement of laying hens and the effects of excess dietary methionine on laying performance.
PubMed:A comparison of DL-methionine and Liquimeth as a source of supplemental methionine for the turkey poult.
PubMed:Plasma free amino acids in children consuming lupin protein with and without methionine supplementation.
PubMed:The interrelationship between methionine, choline, and sulfate in broiler diets.
PubMed:The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of the chick.
PubMed:Proteic-anabolic capacity in rats--influence of the quality and quantity of dietary protein.
PubMed:[Nutritive value of raw and processed cowpeas].
PubMed:[Extruded beans: potential use in infant nutrition].
PubMed:Effectiveness of the free acid of methionine hydroxy analogue as a methionine supplement in broiler diets.
PubMed:D-methionine utilization in young miniature pigs, adult rabbits, and adult dogs.
PubMed:[Enzymatic activities in the liver, and muscle nucleic acids, in swine receiving an unbalanced diet with an excess of methionine for 100 days].
PubMed:The ineffectiveness of supplementary cystine in legume-based rat diets.
PubMed:Production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus 12,907 as an animal feed supplement.
PubMed:Nutritional evaluation of the germ meal and its protein isolate obtained from the carob seed (Ceratonia siliqua) in the rat.
PubMed:[Qualitative aspects of intestinal digestion of soybean cake carbohydrates in the preruminant calf].
PubMed:[Water and food ingestion in the young rabbit given food deficient in methionine or lysine and drinking by free choice a solution of that amino acid or pure water].
PubMed:[Nutritive value of lupine and its potential as human food].
PubMed:The evaluation of the protein quality of soybean products by short-term bioassays in adult human subjects.
PubMed:The effect of various seleno-compounds on ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
PubMed:Analysis for availability of amino acid supplements in foods and feeds: biochemical and nutritional implications.
PubMed:Effects on the products of conception of protein supplementation of the diets of rats.
PubMed:Effect of excess dietary methionine on rat pregnancy: influence on ovarian delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
PubMed:[Interference of DL-methionine, used as a supplement in some soya milks, in urinary screenings for aminoacidopathies].
PubMed:Some Nutritional Characteristics of a Naturally Occurring Alga (Microcystis sp.) in a Guatemalan Lake.
PubMed:Plasma amino acids of infants consuming soybean proteins with and without added methionine.
PubMed:Influence of excess vitamin E on vitamin A toxicity in rats.
PubMed:Cystathionine excretion in relation to vitamin B-6 nutriture of rats: strain differences and effects of DL- or L-methionine supplementation.
PubMed:[Studies on the modification of methionine imbalance in rats through the supplementation of threonine, serine, glycine or glutamic acid].
PubMed:Comparative value of L-, and D-methionine supplementation of an oat-based diet for humans.
PubMed:Effect of diets fortified with DL-methionine on urinary and plasma methionine levels in young infants.
PubMed:Evaluation of maize gluten meal as a protein source in egg production with and without supplements of L-lysine and DL-methionine.
PubMed:[The influence of the quality of food proteins and of DL methionine on the antibody formation against Brucella (Buck 19 strain) in young albino rats].
PubMed:Supplementation of soya protein with L-methionine, DL-methionine hydroxy analogue and certain natural sources of methionine.
PubMed:THE EFFECT OF FORTIFICATION OF PROCESSED SOYA FLOUR WITH DL-METHIONINE HYDROXY ANALOGUE OR DL-METHIONINE ON THE DIGESTIBILITY, BIOLOGICAL VALUE, AND NET PROTEIN UTILIZATION OF THE PROTEINS AS STUDIED IN CHILDREN.
PubMed:Dietary constituents which may influence the use of food cholesterol. II. Protein, L-cystine and DL-methionine intake in adolescent rats.
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