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butyrophenone

flavor and fragrance agents
2D:
3D:
CAS Number: 495-40-9
ECHA EC Number: 207-799-7
FDA UNII: 186I11WB5B
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
IUPAC Name: butyrophenone
InChI : InChI=1/C10H12O/c1-2-6-10(11)9-7-4-3-5-8-9/h3-5,7-8H,2,6H2,1H3
Std.InChI: InChI=1S/C10H12O/c1-2-6-10(11)9-7-4-3-5-8-9/h3-5,7-8H,2,6H2,1H3
InChIKey : FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYAC
Std.InChIKey: FFSAXUULYPJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES : CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
MDL: MFCD00009397
Molar Refractivity : 45.54 ± 0.3 cm3 (est)
Parachor : 372.0 ± 4.0 cm3 (est)
Index of Refraction : 1.503 ± 0.02 (est)
Surface Tension : 34.0 ± 3.0 dyne/cm (est)
Density : 0.962 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (est)
Polarizability : 18.05 ± 0.5 10-24cm3 (est)

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:07.193 1-phenylbutan-1-one

Physical Properties:

Appearance:colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:0.98600 to 0.99200 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.205 to 8.254
Refractive Index:1.51700 to 1.52300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 11.00 to 13.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 222.00 to 229.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:0.073000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 192.00 °F. TCC ( 88.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.770
Soluble in:
alcohol
water, 332.9 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
water

Organoleptic Properties:

Cosmetic Information:

Suppliers:

BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Butyrophenone > 95%
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
Butyrophenone
Penta International
BUTYROPHENONE
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Butyrophenone
Sigma-Aldrich
Butyrophenone, ≥99%
Odor: cherry, vanilla
Certified Food Grade Products
Synerzine
Butyrophenone
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Butyrophenone >99.0%(GC)

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for butyrophenone usage levels up to:
0.2000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.24 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 1600 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 3.0000015.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 2.0000010.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 3.0000015.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): 2.0000010.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): 4.0000020.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 2.0000010.00000
Bakery wares (07.0): 5.0000025.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 1.000005.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): 1.000005.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): 2.0000010.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): 3.0000015.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 2.0000010.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 4.0000020.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 5.0000025.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): 2.0000010.00000

Safety References:

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 16 (FGE.16): Aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 16, Revision 1 (FGE.16Rev1)[1]: Aromatic ketones from chemical group 21- Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 69, (FGE.69)[1] - Consideration of aromatic substituted secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.16 (2006) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 16, Revision 2 (FGE.16Rev2): Aromatic ketones from chemical group 21
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):495-40-9
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :10315
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
1-phenylbutan-1-one
Chemidplus:0000495409

References:

1-phenylbutan-1-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:495-40-9
Pubchem (cid):10315
Pubchem (sid):134977014

Other Information:

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
FooDB:FDB029782
Export Tariff Code:2914.30.0000
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

Potential Blenders and core components :

For Odor
No odor group found for these
valeraldehyde dibutyl acetal
FL/FR
valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal
FL/FR
balsamic
balsamic
benzyl cinnamate
FL/FR
methyl (E)-cinnamate
FL/FR
methyl cinnamate
FL/FR
propyl benzoate
FL/FR
berry
raspberry ketone methyl ether
FL/FR
bready
coffee furanone
FL/FR
buttery
acetyl propionyl
FL/FR
3,4-
hexane dione
FL/FR
camphoreous
bornyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
caramellic
ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR
chocolate
chocolate pyrazine A
FL/FR
2,5-
dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methoxy-3-methyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methoxypyrazine
FL/FR
cocoa
2-
methyl butyraldehyde
FL/FR
coconut
alpha-
angelica lactone
FL/FR
gamma-
heptalactone
FL/FR
corn chip
popcorn pyrimidine
FL/FR
coumarinic
coumane
FL/FR
tonka bean resinoid
FR
earthy
2-
ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine
FL/FR
ethereal
cyclohexyl formate
FL/FR
fatty
coconut absolute
FL/FR
fermented
valeraldehyde
FL/FR
floral
boronia butenal
FR
para-
cresyl laurate
FL/FR
ortho-
methyl acetophenone
FL/FR
fruity
allyl 2-ethyl butyrate
FL/FR
allyl benzoate
FR
allyl isovalerate
FL/FR
bitter
almond oil
FL/FR
iso
amyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR
amyl butyrate
FL/FR
iso
amyl nonanoate
FL/FR
para-
anisyl propionate
FL/FR
benzaldehyde
FL/FR
benzaldehyde / methyl anthranilate schiff's base
FR
benzaldehyde glycrol acetal
FL/FR
bread thiophene
FL/FR
cherry oxyacetate
FL/FR
cherry pentenoate
FL/FR
cherry propanol
FL/FR
cyclohexyl cinnamate
FL/FR
ethyl benzoyl acetate
FL/FR
ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate
FL/FR
heptyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
methyl valerate
FL/FR
3-
methyl-2-butenal
FL/FR
meta-
tolualdehyde
FL/FR
para-
tolualdehyde
FL/FR
tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p)
FL/FR
tropical thiazole
FL/FR
green
2-
heptyl furan
FL/FR
(E,Z)-2,6-
nonadien-1-yl acetate
FL/FR
herbal
laevo-
perillaldehyde
FL/FR
saffron pyranone
FR
musty
2-
acetyl pyrrole
FL/FR
3-
acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan
FL/FR
hazelnut pyrazine
FL/FR
menthofuran
FL/FR
naphthyl
2,4-
dimethyl benzaldehyde
FL/FR
para-
methyl anisole
FL/FR
ortho-
methyl anisole
FL/FR
nutty
3-
acetyl pyridine
FL/FR
2-
acetyl-3-ethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
acetyl-3-methyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
acetyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
acetyl-5-methyl furan
FL/FR
3,5-
cocoa pyrazine
FL/FR
3,6-
cocoa pyrazine
FL/FR
2,3-
dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
4,5-
dimethyl-2-ethyl-3-thiazoline
FL/FR
2-
ethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
ethyl-4-methyl thiazole
FL/FR
filbert heptenone
FL/FR
filbert pyrazine
FL/FR
2,6-
lutidine
FL/FR
maraniol
CS
2-
methyl pyrazine
FL/FR
5-
methyl quinoxaline
FL/FR
2-
methyl thio-3,5 or 6-methyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-pentenoic acid
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-propyl pyrazine
FL/FR
nutty cyclohexenone
FL/FR
nutty quinoxaline
FL/FR
shoyu pyrazine
FL/FR
2,3,5,6-
tetramethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2,4,5-
trimethyl oxazole
FL/FR
2,3,5-
trimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
vinyl sulfurol
FL/FR
phenolic
2'-
hydroxyacetophenone
FL/FR
popcorn
2-
acetyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
acetyl thiazole
FL/FR
powdery
para-
anisyl acetate
FL/FR
spicy
cinnamyl isovalerate
FL/FR
3-(2-
furyl) acrolein
FL/FR
para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
(E)-para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
sulfurous
2-
acetyl thiophene
FL/FR
benzothiazole
FL/FR
furfuryl thioacetate
FL/FR
tobacco
veltonal (Bedoukian)
FR
tonka
coumarin
FR
tonka bean absolute
FR
whiskey lactone
FL/FR
For Flavor
No flavor group found for these
para-
anisyl propionate
FL/FR
bornyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
chocolate pyrazine A
FL/FR
chocolate pyrazine B
FL
coumane
FL/FR
cyclohexyl methyl pyrazine
FL
2,5-
diethyl thiazole
FL
2,5-
diethyl-4-methyl thiazole
FL
6,7-
dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-5H-cyclopentapyrazine
FL
dimethyl dihydrocyclopentapyrazine
FL
2,5-
dimethyl thiazole
FL
ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR
ethyl 2-phenyl-3-furoate
FL
2-
ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine
FL/FR
(Z+E)-5-
ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-butyl) thiazoline
FL
(Z+E)-5-
ethyl-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl) thiazoline
FL
3-(2-
furyl) acrolein
FL/FR
(E,E)-2,4-
heptadien-1-ol
FL
2-
hexyl-5 or 6-keto-1,4-dioxane
FL
(E)-para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
2-
methoxypyrazine
FL/FR
methyl (E)-cinnamate
FL/FR
methyl 2-(methyl thio) acetate
FL
methyl furfuracrylate
FL
2-
methyl-3-(methyl thio) pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine
FL/FR
2-
methyl-3-pentenoic acid
FL/FR
peanut dithiazine
FL
2-
propyl pyridine
FL
para-
salicylic acid
FL
valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal
FL/FR
5-
acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazine
FL
valeraldehyde dibutyl acetal
FL/FR
alliaceous
alliaceous
3-
mercapto-2-pentanone
FL
2-
methyl thioacetaldehyde
FL
tropical thiazole
FL/FR
anisic
ortho-
methyl acetophenone
FL/FR
aromatic
laevo-
perillaldehyde
FL/FR
berry
heptyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
raspberry ketone methyl ether
FL/FR
bitter
methyl ethoxypyrazine
FL
bready
2-
propionyl thiazole
FL
burnt
2-
methyl quinoxaline
FL
2,4,5-
trimethyl oxazole
FL/FR
buttery
3,4-
hexane dione
FL/FR
camphoreous
ortho-
methyl anisole
FL/FR
cherry
para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
coffee
difurfuryl ether
FL
2-
ethyl-4-methyl thiazole
FL/FR
2-iso
propyl pyrazine
FL
corn chip
2-
acetyl thiazole
FL/FR
2-
acetyl-2-thiazoline
FL
popcorn pyrimidine
FL/FR
creamy
alpha-
angelica lactone
FL/FR
earthy
2-
methyl-3-propyl pyrazine
FL/FR
ethereal
allyl 2-ethyl butyrate
FL/FR
fatty
coconut absolute
FL/FR
(E,E)-2,4-
decadienal
FL
2-
heptyl furan
FL/FR
(E,E)-2,4-
nonadienal
FL
fishy
4,5-
dimethyl thiazole
FL
fruity
allyl isovalerate
FL/FR
bitter
almond oil
FL/FR
iso
amyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR
amyl butyrate
FL/FR
para-
anisyl acetate
FL/FR
benzaldehyde
FL/FR
benzaldehyde glycrol acetal
FL/FR
bread thiophene
FL/FR
cherry oxyacetate
FL/FR
cherry pentenoate
FL/FR
cherry propanol
FL/FR
cinnamyl isovalerate
FL/FR
cyclohexyl cinnamate
FL/FR
ethyl benzoyl acetate
FL/FR
ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate
FL/FR
2,4-
hexadien-1-ol
FL
methyl valerate
FL/FR
3-
methyl-2-butenal
FL/FR
propyl benzoate
FL/FR
meta-
tolualdehyde
FL/FR
tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p)
FL/FR
fusel
2-
methyl butyraldehyde
FL/FR
green
cyclohexyl formate
FL/FR
dihydroxyacetophenone (mixed isomers)
FL
2,5-
dimethyl thiophene
FL
4-
methyl thiazole
FL
2-
methyl-5-isopropyl pyrazine
FL
(E,Z)-2,6-
nonadien-1-yl acetate
FL/FR
2-
vinyl pyrazine
FL
lactonic
gamma-
heptalactone
FL/FR
meaty
benzothiazole
FL/FR
musty
2,5-
dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR
2-
ethoxythiazole
FL
hazelnut pyrazine
FL/FR
menthofuran
FL/FR
propionaldehyde
FL
shoyu pyrazine

Potential Uses:

Occurrence (nature, food, other):

endive
Search Trop Picture
lychee fruit
Search Trop Picture
mushroom
Search PMC Picture
strawberry fruit
Search Trop Picture

Synonyms:

butanoyl benzene
N-butyrophenone
3-methylpropiophenone
1-phenyl butan-1-one
phenyl n-propyl ketone
phenyl propyl ketone
1-phenyl-1-butanone
1-phenyl-butan-1-one
1-phenylbutan-1-one
propyl phenyl ketone

Articles:

Info:Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
PubMed:Hypervalent iodine-promoted α-fluorination of acetophenone derivatives with a triethylamine·HF complex.
PubMed:Pipamperone augmentation of clozapine and sodium valproate in refractory schizophrenia: a case report.
PubMed:Evaluation of intravenous lipid emulsion on haloperidol-induced hypotension in rabbits.
PubMed:Essential structural features of novel antischizophrenic drugs: a review.
PubMed:Transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by surface-active ruthenium and rhodium complexes in water.
PubMed:Very high pressure liquid chromatography using fully porous particles: quantitative analysis of fast gradient separations without post-run times.
PubMed:Pharmacovigilance in hospice/palliative care: net effect of haloperidol for delirium.
PubMed:Multicomponent LC-MS/MS screening method for detection of new psychoactive drugs, legal highs, in urine-experience from the Swedish population.
PubMed:Norrish Type I surface photochemistry for butyrophenone on TiO2(110).
PubMed:Angioneurotic edema associated with haloperidol.
PubMed:Accidental haloperidol poisoning in children.
PubMed:[Determination of four n-butyrophenone compounds contained in rhubarb using RP-HPLC].
PubMed:Interactions of cocaine with dopamine D₂-like antagonists in squirrel monkeys.
PubMed:Detection of buphedrone in biological and non-biological material--two case reports.
PubMed:Regioselective hydration of alkynes by ironIII Lewis/Brønsted catalysis.
PubMed:Butyrophenone on O-TiO2(110): one-dimensional motion in a weakly confined potential well.
PubMed:The effects of H-bonding and sterics on the photoreactivity of a trimethyl butyrophenone derivative.
PubMed:Multi-receptor drug design: Haloperidol as a scaffold for the design and synthesis of atypical antipsychotic agents.
PubMed:Role of haloperidol in palliative medicine: an update.
PubMed:[Loss of visual acuity after treatment with pipamperone].
PubMed:Synergistic drug combinations for tuberculosis therapy identified by a novel high-throughput screen.
PubMed:Photochemistry of 2-diphenylmethoxyacetophenone. Direct detection of a long-lived enol from a Norrish Type II photoreaction.
PubMed:Haloperidol disrupts opioid-antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence.
PubMed:Are butyrophenones effective for the treatment of primary headache in the emergency department?
PubMed:Evidence of Haldol (haloperidol) long-term intoxication.
PubMed:An extraction technique for analytical sample preparation in aqueous solution based on controlling dispersion of ionic surfactant assemblies in isotachophoretic migration.
PubMed:A noncompetitive small molecule inhibitor of estrogen-regulated gene expression and breast cancer cell growth that enhances proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor {alpha}.
PubMed:Droperidol for treatment of nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients.
PubMed:The subtype-specific effects of droperidol on action potential duration in cellular and computational models of long QT syndrome.
PubMed:Effect of alkyl substituents on photorelease from butyrophenone derivatives.
PubMed:Antagonist-D2S-dopamine receptor interactions in intact recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells [corrected].
PubMed:MDMA-evoked changes in the binding of dopamine D(2) receptor ligands in striatum of rats with unilateral serotonin depletion.
PubMed:[Pharmaco-therapeutic evaluation of medical treatments of adult autistics and multi-handicapped patients in a public mental health unit].
PubMed:Melperone, an aytpical antipsychotic drug with clozapine-like effect on plasma prolactin: contrast with typical neuroleptics.
PubMed:Automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC/MS/MS for the determination of butyrophenone derivatives in human plasma.
PubMed:The consolidation of neuroleptic therapy: Janssen, the discovery of haloperidol and its introduction into clinical practice.
PubMed:Identification of a butyrophenone analog as a potential atypical antipsychotic agent: 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
PubMed:Antagonist-radioligand binding to D2L-receptors in intact cells.
PubMed:Forty years of antipsychotic Drug research--from haloperidol to paliperidone--with Dr. Paul Janssen.
PubMed:Comparative evaluation of hERG potassium channel blockade by antipsychotics.
PubMed:A prototypical Sigma-1 receptor antagonist protects against brain ischemia.
PubMed:Rational design, synthesis and evaluation of (6aR( *),11bS( *))-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-{7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]1,2,3,4,6,6a,7,11b,12,12a(RS)-decahydropyrazino[2',1':6,1]pyrido[3,4-b]indol-2-yl}-butan-1-one as a potential neuroleptic agent.
PubMed:Synthesis and binding affinity of new pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives as potential atypical antipsychotics.
PubMed:Haloperidol is as effective as ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
PubMed:Inhibition of carbonyl reductase activity in pig heart by alkyl phenyl ketones.
PubMed:Effects of haloperidol and its pyridinium metabolite on plasma membrane permeability and fluidity in the rat brain.
PubMed:Methyl chloroacetate as an extraction solvent for coupling liquid-liquid semimicroextraction with micellar electrokinetic chromatography through on-capillary decomposition for the separation of neutral compounds with concentration enhancement.
PubMed:Differential effects of antipsychotic drugs on serotonin-1A receptor-mediated disruption of prepulse inhibition.
PubMed:Haloperidol induces neurotoxicity by the NMDA receptor downstream signaling pathway, alternative from glutamate excitotoxicity.
PubMed:Systematic review of antipsychotics for the treatment of hospital-associated delirium in medically or surgically ill patients.
PubMed:Atypical antipsychotic drugs directly impair insulin action in adipocytes: effects on glucose transport, lipogenesis, and antilipolysis.
PubMed:QF2004B, a potential antipsychotic butyrophenone derivative with similar pharmacological properties to clozapine.
PubMed:[Haloperidol and its side effects on the reproductive system].
PubMed:Successful treatment of six patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with myoglobulinemic acute renal failure.
PubMed:The haloperidol story.
PubMed:Haloperidol: an alternative butyrophenone for nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in anesthesia.
PubMed:An efficient synthesis of aryloxyphenyl cyclopropyl methanones: a new class of anti-mycobacterial agents.
PubMed:Simultaneous analysis of haloperidol, its three metabolites and two other butyrophenone-type neuroleptics by high performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet detection.
PubMed:Benperidol for schizophrenia.
PubMed:Safety of haloperidol and penfluridol in pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, controlled study.
PubMed:Factors related to prescription dosage in Japanese psychiatric hospitals.
PubMed:[Butyrophenone derivatives].
PubMed:Multiresidue method for the detection of tranquillisers, xylazine, and a beta-blocker in animal production by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Haloperidol: towards further understanding of the structural contributions of its pharmacophoric elements at D2-like receptors.
PubMed:Droperidol for acute psychosis.
PubMed:A review of drugs and techniques used for sedation and anaesthesia in captive rhinoceros species.
PubMed:MDMA-evoked changes in [11C]raclopride and [11C]NMSP binding in living pig brain.
PubMed:Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death.
PubMed:Rhodium-catalyzed addition/ring-opening reaction of arylboronic acids with cyclobutanones.
PubMed:[Injection anesthesia administered in the mid-anesthesia period after ether induction in laboratory rats].
PubMed:Development of a rapid screening test for veterinary sedatives and the beta-blocker carazolol in porcine kidney by ELISA.
PubMed:The evolving management of migraine.
PubMed:Droperidol, QT prolongation, and sudden death: what is the evidence?
PubMed:Melperone is an inhibitor of the CYP2D6 catalyzed O-demethylation of venlafaxine.
PubMed:Novel, highly potent, selective 5-HT2A/D2 receptor antagonists as potential atypical antipsychotics.
PubMed:Metabolism and excretion of centbutindole (neuroleptic) in rats after oral administration.
PubMed:Functional cooperation between neurosteroids and D2 dopamine antagonists on KCl-evoked [3H]noradrenaline release: modulation by calcium channel blockers.
PubMed:The effect of melperone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, on cognitive function in schizophrenia.
PubMed:A hybrid microdevice for electrophoresis and electrochromatography using UV detection.
PubMed:Relations of clinical features, subgroups and medication to serum monoamines in schizophrenia.
PubMed:Antipsychotics: impact on prolactin levels.
PubMed:Comparative efficacy of centbutindole & risperidone in schizophrenia.
PubMed:Antipsychotic and antidepressant drug use in the elderly and the risk of venous thromboembolism.
PubMed:Platelet serotonin transporter in schizophrenic patients with and without neuroleptic treatment.
PubMed:Benperidol for schizophrenia.
PubMed:Differential inhibition of T-type calcium channels by neuroleptics.
PubMed:Dopamine receptors in the brains of schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis of the findings.
PubMed:Effect of hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary grafts or castration on porphyrin content of the mouse Harderian gland.
PubMed:Droperidol for acute psychosis.
PubMed:Use of olanzapine in non-psychotic psychiatric disorders.
PubMed:Suspected induction of a pyoderma gangrenosum-like eruption due to sulpiride treatment.
PubMed:[Effective treatment of depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms by olanzapine combination therapy].
PubMed:Phenothiazine, butyrophenone, and other psychotropic medication poisonings in children and adolescents.
PubMed:Platelet 5-HT(2A) receptors in schizophrenic patients with and without neuroleptic treatment.
PubMed:Densitometric determination of impurities in pharmaceuticals. Part VI. Determination of 4,4-bis[4-(p-chlorophenyl)- 4-hydroxypiperidino]butyrophenone in haloperidol.
PubMed:Ring-hydrogen participation in the keto--enol isomerization of the acetophenone radical cation
PubMed:Serum iron and ferritin in acute neuroleptic akathisia.
PubMed:Antipsychotic agents and QT changes.
PubMed:Butyrophenone analogues in the carbazole series as potential atypical antipsychotics: synthesis and determination of affinities at D(2), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors.
PubMed:Droperidol lengthens cardiac repolarization due to block of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current.
PubMed:[Butyrophenone derivatives].
PubMed:[Leukopenia associated with butyrophenones. A successful treatment of psychoses with pulsed administration of neuroleptics].
PubMed:[The characteristics of the development of cataleptic phenomena during the action of a new Ukrainian neuroleptic--a butyrophenone derivative--in experiments on mice].
PubMed:Conformationally constrained butyrophenones with mixed dopaminergic (D(2)) and serotoninergic (5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2C)) affinities: synthesis, pharmacology, 3D-QSAR, and molecular modeling of (aminoalkyl)benzo- and -thienocycloalkanones as putative atypical antipsychotics.
PubMed:Zinc modulates antagonist interactions with D2-like dopamine receptors through distinct molecular mechanisms.
PubMed:[The discovery of haloperidol].
PubMed:A crystallographic and molecular modeling study of butyrophenones.
PubMed:Modification of sexual behavior of Long-Evans male rats by drugs acting on the 5-HT1A receptor.
PubMed:Butyrophenone analogues in the carbazole series: synthesis and determination of affinities at D2 and 5-HT2A receptors.
PubMed:Quantification of the antipsychotics flupentixol and haloperidol in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
PubMed:Carbonyl reduction of timiperone in human liver cytosol.
PubMed:Postexcitatory inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with drug-induced parkinsonism and in healthy individuals.
PubMed:Carbamazepine in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
PubMed:Methamphetamine toxicity: treatment with a benzodiazepine versus a butyrophenone.
PubMed:The incorporation of butyrophenones and related compounds into a pharmacophore for dopamine D2 antagonists.
PubMed:Opioid-induced rigidity after intravenous fentanyl.
PubMed:Conduction disturbances associated with administration of butyrophenone antipsychotics in the critically ill: a review of the literature.
PubMed:[Risperidone after clozapine in therapy refractory schizoaffective psychosis--a case report].
PubMed:Delirium in the elderly.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic-thermospray tandem mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of some drugs with hypnotic, sedative and tranquillising properties in whole blood.
PubMed:Reversed phase liquid chromatography of organic hydrocarbons with water as the mobile phase.
PubMed:Delirium. Advances in diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.
PubMed:Critical reevaluation of spiperone and benzamide binding to dopamine D2 receptors: evidence for identical binding sites.
PubMed:Synthesis and affinities for dopamine (D2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2A) receptors of 1-(benzoylpropyl)-4-(1-oxocycloalkyl-2-ethyl)-piperazines as cyclic butyrophenone derivatives.
PubMed:Risperidone appears safe in patients with antipsychotic-induced blood dyscrasias.
PubMed:Chlorpromazine stimulatory effect on iron uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.
PubMed:Droperidol inhibits tracheal contraction induced by serotonin, histamine or carbachol in guinea pigs.
PubMed:Effect of haloperidol on phospholipid biosynthesis in rat brain.
PubMed:Haloperidol and its tetrahydropyridine derivative (HPTP) are metabolized to potentially neurotoxic pyridinium species in the baboon.
PubMed:The use of ondansetron in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with acetaminophen poisoning.
PubMed:Effects of haloperidol and chlorpromazine on smooth muscle contractility, platelet aggregation and neuronal calcium current.
PubMed:Characterization of non-adrenergic [3H]clonidine binding sites in rat stomach: high affinity of imidazolines, guanidines and sigma ligands.
PubMed:PET imaging studies of dopamine D2 receptors: comparison of [18F]N-methylspiperone and the benzamide analogues [18F]MABN and [18F]MBP in baboon brain.
PubMed:Quantitative liquid chromatographic thermospray-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of some analgesics and tranquilizers of the methadone, butyrophenone, or diphenylbutylpiperidine groups in whole blood.
PubMed:Remoxipride shows low propensity to block functional striatal dopamine D2 receptors in vitro.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of the three radioiodinated dopamine D2 receptor ligands [123I]IBF, [123I]epidepride and [123I]2'-ISP in nonhuman primates.
PubMed:Excretion of psychoactive drugs into breast milk. Pharmacokinetic principles and recommendations.
PubMed:The neuroleptics as adjuvant analgesics.
PubMed:Synthesis and atypical antipsychotic profile of some 2-(2-piperidinoethyl)benzocycloalkanones as analogues of butyrophenone.
PubMed:A randomized double-blinded comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol in patients receiving high-dose interleukin-2.
PubMed:Identification of rat faecal metabolites of ebastine by B/E linked scanning liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Melperon premedication for cataract surgery. A comparison with diazepam.
PubMed:Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [14C]ebastine after repeated oral administration in rats.
PubMed:Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [14C]ebastine after a single administration in rats.
PubMed:[No inhibition of intestinal motility following ketamine-midazolam anesthesia. A comparison of anesthesia with enflurane and fentanyl/midazolam].
PubMed:Clozapine treatment after agranulocytosis induced by classic neuroleptics.
PubMed:N-(p-azido-3-[125I]iodophenethyl)spiperone binds to specific regions of P-glycoprotein and another multidrug binding protein, spiperophilin, in human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:Pharmacotherapy of delusional depression: experience with combinations of antidepressants with the neuroleptics zotepine and haloperidol.
PubMed:Plasma levels of benperidol, prolactin, and homovanillic acid after intravenous versus two different kinds of oral application of the neuroleptic in schizophrenic patients.
PubMed:Metabolism of phenothiazine and butyrophenone antipsychotic drugs. A review of some recent research findings and clinical implications.
PubMed:Detection of a neurotoxic quaternary pyridinium metabolite in the liver of haloperidol-treated rats.
PubMed:Stability of some phenolic antioxidants in fatty preparations.
PubMed:Artifacts in the analysis of thioridazine and other neuroleptics.
PubMed:[Lactones. 24. "Gamma-lactonized" neuroleptics--synthesis, stereochemistry and affinity at the D2 receptor].
PubMed:High-dose droperidol protects against experimental coronary thrombosis in dogs and pigs and attenuates aggregation of porcine platelets and Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets.
PubMed:Effect of drugs acting on the central nervous system on the lethality in mice of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin.
PubMed:A study of the early signs of drug induced parkinsonism.
PubMed:Phase I trial of dihydrolenperone in lung cancer patients: a novel compound with in vitro activity against lung cancer.
PubMed:Management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome--a series of eight cases.
PubMed:Effect of quinidine on the interconversion kinetics between haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in humans: implications for the involvement of cytochrome P450IID6.
PubMed:[Translation and application of the Simpson and Angus Scale of Extrapyramidal Symptoms].
PubMed:
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