| 2D: |  |
|---|---|
| 3D: | |
| CAS Number: | 12125-02-9 |
| ECHA EC Number: | 235-186-4 |
| FDA UNII: | 01Q9PC255D |
| Category: | sanitizing solutions, dough strengtheners, flavor enhancers, leavening agents |
| IUPAC Name: | ammonium chloride |
| InChI : | InChI=1/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 |
| Std.InChI: | InChI=1S/ClH.H3N/h1H;1H3 |
| InChIKey : | NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYAI |
| Std.InChIKey: | NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES : | [NH4+].[Cl-] |
| MDL: | MFCD00011420 |
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices: | |
| 184.1138 | Ammonium chloride View - review |
| GRN 272 | Triple salt of magnesium, ammonium, and potassium chloride, hexahydrate View - notice PDF |
| JECFA Food Additive: | Ammonium Chloride |
| GSFA Codex: | Ammonium chloride (510) |
| DG SANTE Food Flavourings: | 16.048 ammonium chloride |
| FEMA Number: | 4494 ammonium chloride |
| FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 12125-02-9 ; AMMONIUM CHLORIDE |
| FDA Regulation: | |
| FDA PART 178 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADJUVANTS, PRODUCTION AIDS, AND SANITIZERS Subpart B--Substances Utilized To Control the Growth of Microorganisms Sec. 178.1010 Sanitizing solutions. FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS Sec. 184.1138 Ammonium chloride. | |
| Appearance: | colorless crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 340.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point: | 40.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) |
| PH Number: | 4.50 to 5.50 |
| Vapor Pressure: | 1.000000 mmHg @ 160.40 °C. |
| Vapor Density: | 1.9 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est) |
| Soluble in: | |
| alcohol | |
| water | |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | |
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 36 - Irritating to eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 1650 mg/kg (IUCLID Dataset, 2000d) oral-mouse LD50 1300 mg/kg Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 21, Pg. 257, 1990. intravenous-mouse LD50 358 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: COMABEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLDLUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 37, Pg. 497, 1958. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 485 mg/kg Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043, 1963. oral-dog LDLo 600 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. intravenous-guinea pig LDLo 220 mg/kg "Handbuch der Experimentellen Pharmakologie," Heffter, A., Berlin, Verlag von Julius Springer. V.1-3, 1920-35. For publisher information, see HEPHD2.Vol. 1, Pg. 470, 1923. intravenous-rabbit LDLo 78 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. oral-rabbit LDLo 1000 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. intramuscular-rat LD50 30 mg/kg Experimental Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 4, Pg. 223, 1946. oral-rat LD50 1650 mg/kg "Sbornik Vysledku Toxixologickeho Vysetreni Latek A Pripravku," Marhold, J.V., Institut Pro Vychovu Vedoucicn Pracovniku Chemickeho Prumyclu Praha, Czechoslovakia, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 15, 1972. unreported-rat LD50 550 mg/kg French Demande Patent Document. Vol. #2444025 | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 72 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. subcutaneous-mouse LDLo 500 mg/kg "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 39, 1973. subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 200 mg/kg "Handbuch der Experimentellen Pharmakologie," Heffter, A., Berlin, Verlag von Julius Springer. V.1-3, 1920-35. For publisher information, see HEPHD2.Vol. 1, Pg. 470, 1923. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Category: | |||
| sanitizing solutions, dough strengtheners, flavor enhancers, leavening agents | |||
| Recommendation for ammonium chloride usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 140.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 220000 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 24. Update in publication number(s): 29 | |||
| Click here to view publication 24 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 282.00000 | 423.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 150.00000 | 225.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 200.00000 | 300.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | 500.00000 | 1500.00000 | |
| egg products: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| fats / oils: | 200.00000 | 300.00000 | |
| fish products: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| frozen dairy: | - | - | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| hard candy: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| milk products: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| nut products: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| other grains: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| poultry: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | 325.00000 | 488.00000 | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | 400.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| seasonings / flavors: | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| snack foods: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | 420.00000 | 630.00000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). | |||
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. | |||
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg | ||
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | - | - | |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | - | - | |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - | |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - | |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - | |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | - | - | |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | - | - | |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - | |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - | |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - | |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - | |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 1000.00000 | 3000.00000 | |
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 46 (FGE.46)[1]: Ammonia and two ammonium salts from chemical group 30 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 46, Revision 1 (FGE.46Rev1): Ammonia and three ammonium salts from chemical group 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of ammonium chloride for bovines, sheep, dogs and cats View page or View pdf |
| Safety and efficacy of Amoklor (ammonium chloride) as a zootechnical additive for ruminants, cats and dogs View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):12125-02-9 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :25517 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| azanium chloride |
| Chemidplus:0012125029 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:12125-02-9 |
| azanium chloride | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 12125-02-9 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 25517 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134990524 |
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C12538 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB34824 |
| FooDB: | FDB013385 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01491 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2827.10.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •contains 99.5-99.8% ammonium chloride; principal impurity is sodium chloride; exists in two temperature dependent crystal modifications. prepn and properties: gmelin's, ammonium (8th ed) 23, pp 150-184 (1936); kane, "ammonium chloride" in mellor's vol viii, supplement 1, nitrogen (part 1), 378-432f(1964).•dosage forms--injection nf: 160 mg30 ml, 600 mg100 ml, 10.7 g500 ml, 21.4 g1000 ml; tablets nf: 500 mg and 1 g.•grades: technical (lump or granulated); cp; usp; fcc•99-100% purity in several commercial forms marketed.•parenteral: for injection, concentrate: 26.75% (5 meq of nh4+ and cl- per ml) ammonium chloride injection, (hospira).•ammonium chloride contains not less than 99.5% and not more than 100.5% of nh4cl ammonium chloride injection contains not less than 95.0% and not more than 105.0% of the labeled amt of ammonium chloride ammonium chloride tablets contains not less than 94.0% and not more than 106.0% of the labeled amt of ammonium chloride.•acs grades; -10 mesh particle size, 99.999% purity grade; technical r (rods), granular c grades, fw and fwn powder grades; technical, treated grades•free-flo fine granular and crystal grades; acs reagent crystal grades | |
| None Found |
| buffering agents | |
| viscosity controlling agents |
| not found in nature |
| ammoniac, sal | |
| ammonium chloratum | |
| ammonium chloride FCC | |
| ammonium chloride USP | |
| amoklor | |
| azanium chloride | |
| chlorammonic | |
| chloride, ammonium | |
| sal ammoniac | |
| salmiac |
