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methyl laurate

cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
2D:
3D:
CAS Number: 111-82-0
ECHA EC Number: 203-911-3
FDA UNII: 8IPS6BI6KW
CoE Number: 377
Category: cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
IUPAC Name: methyl laurate
InChI : InChI=1/C13H26O2/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13(14)15-2/h3-12H2,1-2H3
Std.InChI: InChI=1S/C13H26O2/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13(14)15-2/h3-12H2,1-2H3
InChIKey : UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYAP
Std.InChIKey: UQDUPQYQJKYHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC
MDL: MFCD00008966
Molar Refractivity : 64.05 ± 0.3 cm3 (est)
Parachor : 574.0 ± 4.0 cm3 (est)
Index of Refraction : 1.432 ± 0.02 (est)
Surface Tension : 29.3 ± 3.0 dyne/cm (est)
Density : 0.869 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (est)
Polarizability : 25.39 ± 0.5 10-24cm3 (est)

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
JECFA Food Flavoring:180 methyl laurate
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:09.101 methyl dodecanoate
FEMA Number:2715 methyl laurate
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):111-82-0 ; METHYL LAURATE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances
Sec. 172.515 Synthetic flavoring substances and adjuvants.

Physical Properties:

Appearance:colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:0.87000 to 0.87200 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.248 to 7.264
Refractive Index:1.43100 to 1.43300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: 4.00 to 5.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 148.00 °C. @ 18.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 261.00 to 262.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Congealing Point:2.50 °C.
Acid Value: 1.00 max. KOH/g
Saponification Value:124.00 to 126.00
Vapor Pressure:0.011000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point:> 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 5.410
Soluble in:
alcohol
dipropylene glycol
water, 0.8841 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
water
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benzyl laurate
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isoamyl laurate
butyl laurate
citronellyl laurate
para-cresyl laurate
decyl laurate
ethyl laurate
hexyl laurate
2-methyl butyl laurate
nonyl laurate
octyl laurate
propyl laurate
isopropyl laurate

Suppliers:

Acme-Hardesty
PME 1298 - Methyl Laurate
Odor: characteristic
Use: Chemical Intermediate in Metal Working Fluids, Raw Material for Spin Finishes and Oiling Agent for Textiles, Replacement of Mineral Oil and more.
Augustus Oils
Methyl Laurate
Services
Beijing Lys Chemicals
Methyl laurate
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Methyl Laurate
ECSA Chemicals
METHYL LAURATE
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
Fleurchem
methyl laurate natural
Inoue Perfumery
METHYL LAURATE
Kao Corporation
EXCEPARL ML-85
Odor: characteristic
Use: Raw material for spin finishes and oiling agent for textile, Rubber processing agent, Plastic lubricant, Paint additive, Ink additive. Raw material for surfactants.
Lluch Essence
METHYL LAURATE
Mohini Organics
MONEPLUS® - ML
Odor: characteristic
Use: MONEPLUS® - ML finds an application in wide variety of products such as Agriculture, Asphalt, Cleaners, Coatings, Compounding, Construction, Dust Control, Mining, Personal Care, Paper and Textiles.
Mosselman
Methyl Laurate
Oleo Solutions
Edenor ME C12-98 MY
Odor: characteristic
Use: Cosmetics and Personal Care, Cleaning and Detergents, Industrial
P&G Chemicals
CE-1295
(Methyl Laurate)
Odor: characteristic
Use: End-use applications for CE-1295 include soapmaking, amides,chlorinated lubricants, cutting oils, defoamers, gear oils, ink solvents, isopropyl esters, jet lubricants, methyl ester sulpho- nates, plasticizers, PEG Esters, rolling oils, sulphurised lubri- cants, low-VOC solvents, metalworking fluids, solvents for inks, solvents for paint removal, production of plasticizer alcohols, emulsifiers, stabilizers, resins, and flavorings.
Penta International
METHYL LAURATE NATURAL
Penta International
METHYL LAURATE
Reincke & Fichtner
Methyl Laurate
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Methyl dodecanoate
Sigma-Aldrich
Methyl laurate, ≥98%, FG
Certified Food Grade Products
Sigma-Aldrich
Methyl laurate, natural, 98%, FG
Stearinerie Dubois
DUB LAME
Stepan Company
STEPAN® C-42
Stepan Company
STEPOSOL® C-42
Synerzine
Methyl Laurate
SysKem Chemie
Methyl Laurate
Taytonn ASCC
Methyl Laurinate
Odor: Fatty, Floral, Oily, Wine
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Methyl Laurate >98.0%(GC)
WholeChem
Methyl laurate

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intravenous-mouse LDLo 48 mg/kg
Journal of the Reticuloendothelial Society. Vol. 3, Pg. 250, 1966.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for methyl laurate usage levels up to:
4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 5.10 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -1.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 0.500005.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: 0.500005.00000
fruit ices: 0.500005.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 0.020005.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety References:

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 2, Revision 1 (FGE.02) : Branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and related esters of primary alcohols and straight-chain carboxylic acids and one straight-chain aldehyde from chemical groups 1 and 2 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):111-82-0
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8139
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
methyl dodecanoate
Chemidplus:0000111820
RTECS:OF0670000 for cas# 111-82-0

References:

methyl dodecanoate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:111-82-0
Pubchem (cid):8139
Pubchem (sid):134975354
Flavornet:111-82-0
Pherobase:View

Other Information:

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB31018
FooDB:FDB003011
Export Tariff Code:2915.90.1050
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
grades: 69%, 74%, 90%, 96%, 99.8%

Potential Blenders and core components :

For Odor
aldehydic
citrus carbaldehyde
FR
decanal (aldehyde C-10)
FL/FR
9-
decenal
FL/FR
dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)
FL/FR
nonanal (aldehyde C-9)
FL/FR
octanal (aldehyde C-8)
FL/FR
undecanal
FL/FR
10-
undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic)
FL/FR
amber
ambrette seed oil
FL/FR
ambroxan
FL/FR
cistus ladaniferus resinoid
FL/FR
animal
para-
cresyl caprylate
FL/FR
anise
anise seed oil colombia
FL/FR
anisic
para-
anisaldehyde
FL/FR
balsamic
iso
amyl benzoate
FL/FR
amyris wood oil
FL/FR
siam
benzoin resinoid
FL/FR
benzophenone
FR
benzyl benzoate
FL/FR
benzyl salicylate
FL/FR
laevo-
bornyl acetate
FL/FR
iso
bornyl acetate
FL/FR
iso
butyl cinnamate
FL/FR
cinnamyl alcohol
FL/FR
clover nitrile
FR
ethyl cinnamate
FL/FR
fir balsam absolute
FR
3-
phenyl propyl alcohol
FL/FR
berry
raspberry ketone methyl ether
FL/FR
caramellic
immortelle absolute
FL/FR
citrus
10-
undecen-1-ol
FL/FR
coconut
delta-
decalactone
FL/FR
delta-
nonalactone
FL/FR
gamma-
nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called))
FL/FR
delta-
octalactone
FL/FR
gamma-
octalactone
FL/FR
coumarinic
epsilon-
decalactone
FL/FR
creamy
creamy lactone
FL/FR
3-
heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
FL/FR
(Z)-gamma-
jasmolactone
FR
fatty
butter esters
FL/FR
(Z)-
dairy lactone
FL/FR
decanol
FL/FR
methyl 10-undecenoate
FL/FR
4-
methyl octanoic acid
FL/FR
floral
alpha-
amyl cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
iso
amyl salicylate
FL/FR
benzyl acetate
FL/FR
bois de rose oil brazil
FL/FR
iso
butyl salicylate
FL/FR
citronellol
FL/FR
coriander seed oil
FL/FR
cyclamen aldehyde
FL/FR
cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol
FL/FR
9-
decen-1-ol
FL/FR
dimethyl benzyl carbinol
FL/FR
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate
FL/FR
dimethyl octanol
FL/FR
ethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
floral pyranol
FR
heliotropin
FL/FR
heliotropyl diethyl acetal
FR
(Z)-3-
hexen-1-yl salicylate
FL/FR
alpha-
hexyl cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
hyacinth ether
FR
hydroxycitronellal
FL/FR
jasmin pyranone
FL/FR
leerall
FR
lilyall
FR
laevo-
linalool
FL/FR
linalool
FL/FR
linalool oxide
FL/FR
methyl dihydrojasmonate
FL/FR
mimosa absolute france
FL/FR
neryl acetate
FL/FR
nonanol
FL/FR
ocean propanal
FL/FR
orris pyridine 25% IPM
FR
peony alcohol
FR
phenethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl salicylate
FL/FR
rose butanoate
FL/FR
tetrahydrolinalool
FL/FR
fresh
10-
undecen-1-yl acetate
FL/FR
fruity
allyl amyl glycolate
FR
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate
FR
dimethyl succinate
FL/FR
2-
nonanone
FL/FR
octen-1-yl cyclopentanone
FL/FR
green
cortex pyridine
FL/FR
para-
dimethyl hydroquinone
FL/FR
hexyl butyrate
FL/FR
melon nonenoate
FL/FR
phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
FL/FR
violet leaf absolute
FL/FR
hay
hay absolute
FR
herbal
carum carvi fruit oil
FL/FR
clary sage oil france
FL/FR
daucus carota fruit oil
FL/FR
linalyl acetate
FL/FR
honey
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
lactonic
jasminone
FL/FR
marine
green
algae absolute
FL/FR
marine pyridine
FR
mossy
oakmoss absolute
FL/FR
veramoss (IFF)
FR
musk
iso
ambrettolide
FL/FR
oily
butter acids
FL/FR
phenolic
methyl benzoate
FL/FR
powdery
para-
anisyl alcohol
FL/FR
soapy
benzyl laurate
FL/FR
ethyl undecanoate
FL/FR
methyl anthranilate / hexyl cinnamaldehyde schiff's base
FR
spicy
benzyl isoeugenol
FL/FR
cassia bark oil china
FL/FR
clove bud oil
FL/FR
cuminaldehyde
FL/FR
black
currant bud absolute
FL/FR
pimenta acris leaf oil
FL/FR
terpenic
frankincense oil
FL/FR
alpha-
terpineol
FL/FR
tonka
6-
amyl-alpha-pyrone
FL/FR
tonka bean absolute
FR
tropical
delta-
dodecalactone
FL/FR
vanilla
ethyl vanillin
FL/FR
vanillyl acetate
FL/FR
waxy
iso
amyl laurate
FL/FR
butyl laurate
FL/FR
9-
decenoic acid
FL/FR
decyl acetate
FL/FR
1-
dodecanol
FL/FR
ethyl myristate
FL/FR
ethyl octanoate
FL/FR
myristic acid
FL/FR
octyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
palmitic acid
FR
delta-
tetradecalactone
FL/FR
2-
tridecanone
FL/FR
undecanoic acid
FL/FR
1-
undecanol
FL/FR
woody
cistus twig/leaf oil
FL/FR
guaiacwood oil
FL/FR
gurjun balsam oil
FR
methyl cedryl ketone
FL/FR
patchouli ethanone
FR
patchouli oil
FL/FR
santall
FR
thuja occidentalis leaf oil
FL/FR
tobacarol (IFF)
FR
vetiver oil haiti
FL/FR
woody acetate
FR
For Flavor
No flavor group found for these
green
algae absolute
FL/FR
cistus ladaniferus resinoid
FL/FR
9-
decenal
FL/FR
4-
methyl pentyl 4-methyl valerate
FL
10-
undecen-1-ol
FL/FR
aldehydic
aldehydic
nonanal (aldehyde C-9)
FL/FR
octanal (aldehyde C-8)
FL/FR
1-
undecanol
FL/FR
amber
ambrette seed oil
FL/FR
animal
para-
cresyl caprylate
FL/FR
anise
anise seed oil colombia
FL/FR
balsamic
siam
benzoin resinoid
FL/FR
benzyl benzoate
FL/FR
benzyl salicylate
FL/FR
laevo-
bornyl acetate
FL/FR
iso
butyl cinnamate
FL/FR
ethyl cinnamate
FL/FR
berry
raspberry ketone methyl ether
FL/FR
celery
jasminone
FL/FR
cheesy
2-
nonanone
FL/FR
cherry
heliotropin
FL/FR
citrus
laevo-
linalool
FL/FR
linalool
FL/FR
alpha-
terpineol
FL/FR
coconut
delta-
decalactone
FL/FR
(R)-
massoia lactone
FL
gamma-
nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called))
FL/FR
delta-
octalactone
FL/FR
cooling
iso
butyl salicylate
FL/FR
creamy
6-
amyl-alpha-pyrone
FL/FR
para-
anisaldehyde
FL/FR
butter esters
FL/FR
butter fat enzyme modified with added butyric acid
FL
creamy lactone
FL/FR
delta-
dodecalactone
FL/FR
2,4-
heptadienal
FL
jasmin pyranone
FL/FR
massoia lactone
FL
delta-
nonalactone
FL/FR
octyl isobutyrate
FL/FR
ethereal
benzyl laurate
FL/FR
fatty
iso
amyl laurate
FL/FR
butter acids
FL/FR
(Z)-
dairy lactone
FL/FR
dimethyl octanol
FL/FR
4-
methyl octanoic acid
FL/FR
2-
tridecanone
FL/FR
10-
undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic)
FL/FR
floral
bois de rose oil brazil
FL/FR
citronellol
FL/FR
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate
FL/FR
linalyl acetate
FL/FR
methyl dihydrojasmonate
FL/FR
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
neryl acetate
FL/FR
ocean propanal
FL/FR
tetrahydrolinalool
FL/FR
fruity
iso
amyl benzoate
FL/FR
para-
anisyl alcohol
FL/FR
benzyl acetate
FL/FR
dimethyl succinate
FL/FR
3-
heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
FL/FR
octen-1-yl cyclopentanone
FL/FR
rose butanoate
FL/FR
greasy
10-
undecen-1-yl acetate
FL/FR
green
iso
amyl salicylate
FL/FR
cinnamyl alcohol
FL/FR

Occurrence (nature, food, other):

apple fruit
Search PMC Picture
banana fruit
Search Trop Picture
berries
Search PMC Picture
blackberry fruit
Search PMC Picture
capsicum
Search Trop Picture
champaca concrete @ 0.15%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
cheese bleu cheese
Search PMC Picture
cheese cheddar cheese
Search PMC Picture
cheese gruyere cheese
Search PMC Picture
cheese parmesan cheese
Search PMC Picture
cocoa
Search Trop Picture
coconut
Search Trop Picture
cognac
Search PMC Picture
grape
Search Trop Picture
hop oil
Search Trop Picture
melon
Search PMC Picture
mussel
Search PMC Picture
orris absolute
Search PMC Picture
osmanthus absolute @ 0.03%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
papaya fruit
Search Trop Picture
pawpaw
Search Trop Picture
pineapple fruit
Search Trop Picture
rum
Search PMC Picture
star fruit oil cuba @ 0.10%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
strawberry wild strawberry fruit
Search Trop Picture
sugandha kokila berry oil @ 0.20%
Data GC Search Trop Picture
turnup
Search Picture
vanilla
Search Picture
wine white wine
Search Picture

Synonyms:

dodecanoic acid methyl ester
dodecanoic acid, methyl ester
lauric acid methyl ester
lauric acid, methyl ester
metholene 2296
methyl dodecanoate
methyl dodecylate
methyl laurate natural
methyl N-dodecanoate
methyllaurate
stepan C40
uniphat A40

Articles:

Info:Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
PubMed:Non-invasive characterization of the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by HS-SPME/GC-MS.
PubMed:Environmentally evaluated HPLC-ELSD method to monitor enzymatic synthesis of a non-ionic surfactant.
PubMed:Stimulation of nitrogen removal in the rhizosphere of aquatic duckweed by root exudate components.
PubMed:Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline-polypyrrole solid-phase microextraction coating and its application in the GC determination of several esters.
PubMed:Electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) on a stainless steel wire for solid phase microextraction and GC determination of some esters with high boiling points.
PubMed:Acid activated montmorillonite as catalysts in methyl esterification reactions of lauric acid.
PubMed:Diatomite-supported Pd-M (M=Cu, Co, Ni) bimetal nanocatalysts for selective hydrogenation of long-chain aliphatic esters.
PubMed:Biorefinery approach for coconut oil valorisation: a statistical study.
PubMed:Crystallization of synthetic haemozoin (beta-haematin) nucleated at the surface of lipid particles.
PubMed:Spectra and kinetic studies of the compound I derivative of cytochrome P450 119.
PubMed:Overexpression of the apple alcohol acyltransferase gene alters the profile of volatile blends in transgenic tobacco leaves.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the essential oil of Houttuynia cordata Thunb by using on-column methylation with tetramethylammonium acetate.
PubMed:Enzymatic chemoselective synthesis of secondary-amide surfactant from N-methylethanol amine.
PubMed:Synthesis of a novel series of 2-methylsulfanyl fatty acids and their toxicity on the human K-562 and U-937 leukemia cell lines.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of lipase from Rhizopus chinensis cells.
PubMed:Effect of several factors on the mechanical properties of pressure-sensitive adhesives used in transdermal therapeutic systems.
PubMed:Preparation of uniform titanium dioxide (TiO2) polystyrene-based composite particles using the glass membrane emulsification process with a subsequent suspension polymerization.
PubMed:Uniform titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) microcapsules prepared by glass membrane emulsification with subsequent solvent evaporation.
PubMed:A kinetic study of the synthesis of ascorbate fatty acid esters catalysed by immobilized lipase in organic media.
PubMed:Production of flavour ketones in aqueous-organic two-phase systems by using free and microencapsulated fungal spores as biocatalysts.
PubMed:Ultrafiltration of Micellar Solutions Containing Phenols.
PubMed:Proportion of geometrical hydroperoxide isomers generated by radical oxidation of methyl linoleate in homogeneous solution and in aqueous emulsion.
PubMed:Solid-phase extraction on C18 silica as a purification strategy in the solution synthesis of a 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside library.
PubMed:Fatty acid discrimination and omega-hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 4A1 and a cytochrome P4504A1/NADPH-P450 reductase fusion protein.
PubMed:Determination of Candida tropicalis acyl coenzyme A oxidase isozyme function by sequential gene disruption.
PubMed:Phycochemical investigations on Centroceras clavulatum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta).
PubMed:Phycochemical studies on Scinaia fascicularis (Bonnemaisoniales, Rhodophyta).
PubMed:Topical application of penetration enhancers to the skin of nude mice: a histopathological study.
PubMed:Ester synthesis at extraordinarily low temperature of -3 degrees C by modified lipase in benzene.
PubMed:A GLC method for estimation of chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid in plasma. Pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of clofibrate in man.
PubMed:Lipase of Mucor pusillus.
PubMed:Thermal reactions of methyl linoleate. I. Heating conditions, isolation techniques, biological studies and chemical changes.
PubMed:Lipid metabolism of rumen ciliates and bacteria. I. Uptake of fatty acids by Isotricha prostoma and Entodinium simplex.
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