| 2D: |  |
|---|---|
| 3D: | |
| CAS Number: | 110-85-0 |
| ECHA EC Number: | 203-808-3 |
| FDA UNII: | 1RTM4PAL0V |
| Category: | flavoring agents |
| IUPAC Name: | piperazine |
| InChI : | InChI=1/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2 |
| Std.InChI: | InChI=1S/C4H10N2/c1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h5-6H,1-4H2 |
| InChIKey : | GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYAS |
| Std.InChIKey: | GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES : | C1CNCCN1 |
| MDL: | MFCD00005953 |
| Molar Refractivity : | 25.14 ± 0.3 cm3 (est) |
| Parachor : | 225.8 ± 4.0 cm3 (est) |
| Index of Refraction : | 1.424 ± 0.02 (est) |
| Surface Tension : | 27.5 ± 3.0 dyne/cm (est) |
| Density : | 0.874 ± 0.06 g/cm3 (est) |
| Polarizability : | 9.96 ± 0.5 10-24cm3 (est) |
| Appearance: | colorless to yellow solid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00 |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 106.00 to 109.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point: | 146.00 to 149.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure: | 4.049000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 229.00 °F. TCC ( 109.44 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w): | -1.171 (est) |
| Soluble in: | |
| alcohol | |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | |
| water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | |
| None found |
| Alfa Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Piperazine 97% |
| BASF |
| Piperazine chips |
| Charkit Chemical |
| PIPERAZINE ANHYDROUS |
| Dow Chemical |
| DOW Specialty Amines - Piperazine 68% Aqueous (PIP) |
| Penta International |
| PIPERAZINE ANHYDROUS |
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Piperazine ReagentPlus®, 99% |
| TCI AMERICA |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Piperazine Anhydrous >98.0%(GC)(T) |
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| C N - Corrosive, Dangerous for the environment. | |
| R 34 - Causes burns. R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. R 52/53 - Harmful to qauatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 1900 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 15, Pg. 116, 1979. oral-mouse LD50 600 mg/kg Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Vol. 103, Pg. 414, 1964. intravenous-rat LD50 1340 mg/kg Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 635, 1982. intravenous-mouse LD50 1180 mg/kg Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 635, 1982. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1900 mg/kg Progress in Biochemical Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 542, 1965. oral-child TDLo 75 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SLEEPGASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 478, 1969. intramuscular-rat LD50 > 2500 mg/kg Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 635, 1982. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 4 ml/kg Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 7/16/1965 subcutaneous-rat LD50 3700 mg/kg Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 635, 1982. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-mouse LC50 5400 mg/m3/2H BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 15, Pg. 116, 1979. | |
| Category: | |||
| flavoring agents | |||
| Recommendation for piperazine usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.002 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 600 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | II | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 22 | |||
| Click here to view publication 22 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| cheese: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| fish products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| frozen dairy: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | - | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| milk products: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| poultry: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| processed fruits: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| snack foods: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). | |||
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. | |||
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg | ||
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 | |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - | |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - | |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - | |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - | |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 | |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - | |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, (FGE.86)[1] - Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives - Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 1 (FGE.86Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 2 (FGE.86Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and arylalkyl amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):110-85-0 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :4837 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 2579 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| piperazine |
| Chemidplus:0000110850 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:110-85-0 |
| piperazine | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 110-85-0 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 4837 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134974700 |
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C07973 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB14730 |
| FooDB: | FDB012189 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2933.59.9500 |
| MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •u.s.- not commercially available. canada-2 grams per packet (rx) (entacyl (sodium <19.2 mg)). piperazine adipate granules for oral solution•u.s.- not commercially available. canada- 600 mg per 5 ml (rx) (entacyl (sodium <0.8 mg)).•u.s.- 250 mg (hexahydrate) (275.75 mg piperazine citrate anhydrous) (rx) (generic). canada- not commercially available. piperazine citrate tablets usp•piperazine salts are available as tablets & wafers, each containing 500 mg, & as syrups & suspensions containing 100 mgml, calculated as hexahydrate. piperazine citrate, usp, and piperazine phosphate, nf, are official preparations. trade names include antepar (citrate & phosphate), multifuge citrate and pipizan citrate.•piperazine calcium edathamil (perin) syrup, 500 mg (of piperazine hexahydrate) per 5 ml. tablets, 500 mg (of piperazine hexahydrate).•piperazine gluconate (vermizine gluconate) syrup, 500 mg (hexahydrate) per 5 ml.•vet: piperazine hexahydrate 43%, adipate 37%, citrate 40%, dihydrochloride 53% & phosphate 42.5% are popular in drinking water medication; piperazine phosphate 42.5% & dihydrochloride 53% are popular in dry feed or drinking water medication.•vet: other less commonly used forms are dithiocarbamate, gluconate, glycolylarsanilate, monochloride, & sulfate. these above forms are considered equally effective in terms of their piperazine base . a number of complexes of mixtures with other drugs have been made to theoretically improve drug's activity.•pipertab 2: composition: each tablet contains: piperazine dihydrochloride equivalent to 50 mg piperazine base. available in 500 tablet bottles. pipertab 10: composition: each tablet contains: piperazine dihydrochloride equivalent to 250 mg piperazine base. piperazine dihydrochloride•52% piperazine base grades piperazine hydrochloride | |
| For Odor |
| herbal |
| jambu oleoresin FL/FR |
| nutty |
2,6- lutidineFL/FR |
| For Flavor |
| No flavor group found for these |
| hexyl amine FL |
1- pyrrolineFL |
(R)-N,N,alpha- trimethyl benzyl amineFL |
| ammoniacal |
| ammoniacal |
2- methyl piperidineFL |
| pyrrolidine FL |
| cooling |
| jambu oleoresin FL/FR |
| corn chip |
2- acetyl-2-thiazolineFL |
| fatty |
| dimethyl sulfoxide FL |
| nutty |
2,6- lutidineFL/FR |
| salty |
1-(2- hydroxy-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-oneFL |
1-(2- hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-oneFL |
3-[3-(2-iso propyl-5-methyl cyclohexyl)ureido]-butyric acid ethyl esterFL |
| salt enhancers FL |
| sodium chloride replacers FL |
| spilanthol FL |
| None Found |
| antiren | |
| 1,4- | diazacyclohexane |
| 1,4- | diethylene diamine |
| diethyleneimine | |
| dispermine | |
| DOW specialty amines - piperazine 68% aqueous (PIP) | |
| entacyl | |
| eraverm | |
| hexahydro-1,4-diazine | |
| hexahydropyrazine | |
| lumbrical | |
| 1,4- | piperazine |
| piperazine anhydrous | |
| piperazine anhydrous-flakes | |
| piperazine chips | |
| pipersol | |
| pyrazine hexahydride | |
| uvilon | |
| vermex | |
| vermizine | |
| worm-a-ton | |
| wormelix | |
| wurmirazin |
